This map shows the distribution of population density of the EU at the local level for the year 2000. It was created on the basis of local data that where smoothed (mean value in a neighbourhood of 10 km). As compared with a map of regional density (NUTS2 or NUTS3), it reveals very strong heterogeneity of settlement structures in EU at local level.

 

• Areas in orange or red are characterised by a population density above the mean level of the European Union (114 inh. /km2). Areas with high population density are generally concentrated in the “Pentagon”, in the coastal areas, along the main rivers or transport axis (Rhine, Rhone, Danube,…). But local peaks of high density can be observed in all regions of Europe and reveal the regular or irregular shape of urban networks.
• Areas in green are characterised by population density below the mean level of the European Union. The lowest population density are generally located in northern Europe (Sweden, Scotland) but can also be observed in mountain areas (Alps) or in deep rural areas. But it is also possible to observe local situation of low density inside regions or countries characterised by an average situation of high density.
• Development of policies in favour of regions with low density should therefore be handled carefully considering the variation of the scale-dependency of the variation of this phenomena.